6. Equality and Inclusion

Implicit Biases

• Unconscious attitudes
• Affects the ways in which one perceives and interacts with members of certain groups
• In line with stereotypes
  Studies show that most people have these:
• Negative attitudes endorsing certain stereotypes
• Even if the hold consciously egalitarian attitudes
• e.g. Implicit Association Tests
  ““Evidence”” and ““Examples””
• Anonymous marking results in higher marks for women (Bradley 1984!)
• Identical CVs receive fewer positive responses if the name typically belongs to a member of an ethnic minority group (Wood et al. 2009)
• Identical CVs receive fewer positive responses if the name typically belongs to a woman (Riach and Rich 2006)

Reducing Implicit Bias

Anonymise relevant processes:

• Hiring (CVs)
• Content (Promotion)
• Tests (Evaluating performance)

Justice

Distributive Justice:

• In general, distributive justice requires that resources, opportunities, benefits, and burdens are allocated (distributed) in a just way
  Distributive Injustice:
• Discrimination
• Examples, segregated schools
  Recognitional Justice:
• Requires that everyone be granted equal respect and have the claims they make acknowledged as being of equal worth
  Recognitional Injustice:
• Discrimination
• Examples, slurs, restrictions and misrepresentation